In a conversation I said something interesting.
“CHOSENISM”
We got in a conversation about how horrible religious wars can be and how deeply the feelings are with religion. Generally, you don’t even want to talk to people about religion. I said that normally we say that its religion that causes these problems, but it seems to me that this is not correct. For example, primitive people are religious, and they don’t have religious problems and wars. There are also many other religions in the world, and they don’t have these problems. They don’t go around fighting against each other, and such. This means that it isn’t religion that is causing the problem but something else.
I said that the problem is that they think that they represent God. That is to say, they believe that they are chosen by God. Because of this, they view themselves as “special” compared to other people, God-favored. I jokingly called this mentality “chosenism” and the people who believe it the “chosenists“.
THE “CHOSEN”
Initially, to be “chosen” means that they believe that they are chosen by God in some way. This appears in ways such as:
- They believe they are blessed and have special favors from God that other people don’t have
- They believe that they represent God
- They view themselves as set apart from everyone else
- They think that they are chosen by God to save everyone else
- They think that everyone else must believe what they believe as this will save them
As time went on the religious element would fade or disappear and other means of being “chosen” appeared. Most of these variations took place in Europe and created a unique form of “European chosenism” (see below). It appears to be based on the religious “chosenism” but was modified, or things were added to it, to fit the culture, times, and conditions. These forms of “chosenism” often appeared in ways such as:
- Being favored in some way, having something other people don’t have
- Being praised, of having people view you highly
- Being better, which often means having a quality that is socially esteemed
- Being self-righteous, that when you say its right its right
- Being superior, viewing oneself as being almost god-like compared to other people
- Being higher, of seeing oneself as above other people in some way, such as in social status
- Being richer, having more money, material objects, etc.
- Being privileged, able to do things other people can’t do
- Being arrogant, of walking around as if you can do whatever you want
- Being more esteemed, of society praising you, being popular, etc.
AN IRONY
One of the things that is apparent is that “chosenism” tends to create two things that are opposed to each other and end up creating an irony:
- Unity
- Conflict with others
1-Unity
“Chosenism” tends to create a unity in people. This no doubt is because it creates something that bonds people together.
This unity may be the appeal of “chosenism” and one of its greatest’s strengths. I’ve often wondered if this point of view began with the Jews who remained a very unified group during the turmoil of the middle eastern conflict. I wouldn’t be surprised that this unity may be one of the reasons why they have persisted so long.
2-Conflict with others
The idea of being “chosen”, and the unity it creates, seems to cause a condition where people are pitted people against other people who are different. This causes things like:
- An alienation from others – it can cause some some of the “chosen” to be removed from everyone else causing weird ideas about themselves, other people, and the association between people
- A separation between people – the “chosen” and the “unchosen” – that can be like a wall that causes conflicts
- The development of bad feelings between people
- Violence between people
It seems that “chosenism” naturally causes conflicts between people by building a wall between people.
The resulting effects
Both of the above traits create a point of view that reflects conflict between different people. It seems to follow a path like:
- It seems to be created as a reaction to a conflict between people
- This causes them to emphasize the unity of their group, as a means to hold it together
- Its point of view ends up causing conflict between people
In other words, it begins and ends with conflict between people. It holds their group together but the conflict, in a way, is not solved.
This suggests that “chosenism” is a result of conflict between people and is a way to deal with that conflict. The problem is that its mentality guarantees conflict with people by doing things such as:
- By creating a wall between people
- By setting themselves apart from others
- By making themselves better
- By the devaluation of others
In other words, as long as there is “chosenism” there will be conflict between people. “Chosenism”, by its nature, causes people to be at odds with other people.
DEVELOPMENT
I am not all that familiar with the history of this mentality as I just defined it, but it seems that this mentality began in the middle east. It seems to have three main contributions:
- Judaism
- Christianity
- Islam
All these preach that they are chosen, in some way or another.
1-Judaism
It appears that “chosenism” began with Moses and the Jewish people as they viewed themselves as the chosen people of God. This created an attitude of “we’re chosen and . . . (hint, hint) . . . you’re not”. It created an attitude of exclusiveness.
This had several effects:
- It held the Jewish people together as a group. This appears to of cemented them closer together in conflicts than most people. I often though that this exclusiveness is one reason why the Jews remained a distinct group while many other people’s fell to conflict in the middle east.
- It appeared to of created something like a snobbery and a “you’re not part of our group” mentality. For example, in Leviticus xx, 24 it says “I am Jehovah your God, which have separated you from the nations”. I have often speculated that this may be a source of antisemitism as this exclusive mentality tended to create tension with many people (see my article Some thoughts on the possible nature and origin of anti-Semitism???).
The following two religions are descendants of Judaism and have therefore inherited this exclusive attitude. They, though, tended to add some new qualities and change it a bit.
2-Christianity
Christianity brought in the element that “you must change to our way of life”, of the conversion of other people. It was not violent at first but slowly turned violent, particularly in Europe. It seems that there were two phases of how conversion became violent:
- It began to be violent when they tried to convert people
- It became violent when they tried to change people to their view of Christianity
This idea of being “chosen”, of exclusiveness, was still seen in Christianity. John Calvin’s doctrine of predestination is an example. It more or less states that God has preordained that some people will be saved and some are not. This definitely splits the population in two: the chosen (the elect) and the unchosen. And, we must remember, its ordained by God.
3-Islam
This seems to of created a strong exclusive quality. This is probably a result of all the conflicts that were going on in the middles east. This made them emphasize their belief over others causing them to be particularly exclusive. It seems to have several effects:
- One-sidedness – There is great emphasis on a specific way of worship and belief that was set by the Prophet Mohammed.
- Extremism – To enforce their beliefs and customs they seem to of ended up becoming very violent and controlling at times.
It seems that, in the middle east, these “chosenists” attitudes became a rallying cry for various causes because of the many conflicts going on there. It gave them their cause and their purpose. The result is that “chosenism” became something the political system, and people in power, exploited for their own ends.
THEMES
The development of this mentality seems to show some definite themes associated with “chosenism”:
- Exclusiveness – The belief that they are “special” and unique in relation to other people.
- Conversion – A belief that they are so “special”, and their beliefs are so true, that everyone else must change to their beliefs.
- One-sidedness – The belief that everything must be a “certain way” . . . that is, according to their beliefs.
- Extremism – A belief, under certain conditions, that they can use whatever means to suit their “special purpose”, even the use of force.
The effect of these is that it has often created a mentality that can be very in-your-face, intrusive, controlling, dictatorial, forceful, and even violent.
A WAR OF RIGHT SANCTIONED BY GOD
The result of all this is that there becomes a war of “we’re right and you’re not” and, most importantly, this is sanctioned by God. That makes it serious. This seriousness makes it becomes extreme and bad. In other words, it’s not religion that caused these problems but the fact that they believe that they were chosen by God making them right, and this sets them apart from everyone else.
Some of the effects of this include:
- A snobbery or arrogance
- They feel they have “free reign” and can do whatever they want
These are caused, of course, because they believe that they have God on their side.
THE QUESTION OF ORGANIZED RELIGION
The three main religions of this mentality are all “organized religions” which suggests that there is a close association between “chosenism” and organized religions. This may even suggest that the idea of being “chosen” may of been the cause for organizing a religion. In a sense, it suggests that there is a tendency to organize a religion of the “chosen” because they are in the midst of the “unchosen”.
EUROPEAN “CHOSENISM”
In Europe, most of the “chosenism” attitudes originate from Christianity. Through the centuries this attitude would change and morph into many different versions.
There seems to be stages in its development:
- Christian conversion
- Militaristic “chosenism”
- Noble or upper class “chosenism”
- Political “chosenism”
- Post-religious “chosenism”
- Social “chosenism”
1-Christian conversion
This is when Christianity was primarily trying to convert people. It is the first stage of the process but its effects are overshadowed be the following stages.
2-Militaristic “chosenism”
The Christian conversion seems to of blended, to some extent, with the Germanic militarism after the fall of the Roman Empire. This seemed to associated “chosenism” with authority and with militaristic attitudes (such as the use of force to get things done).
Its effects is that it tends to cause these qualities:
- They emphasize some form or conversion or changing of things or that people need to learn things.
- They often develop a “one-up” or “I’m better” type of attitude.
- They are willing to use any means, including violence, to achieve what they want (such as the conversion of people).
Overall, it creates an attitude of “you’ve got to change to my way”.
3-Noble or upper class “chosenism”
It appears that the “chosenist” attitude would become associated with the nobility and the upper social classes helping to create a “I’m a better class” attitude. This may be a result of the upper classes close association with Christianity particularly beginning with the Crusades.
4-Political “chosenism”
It seems, to me, that in Europe after the Crusades and especially the Reformation, religion and politics became blended together. As a result, these “chosenists” attitudes became associated with politics. The result is that now there becomes a war on “which political system is right” as well as “you better convert to our political system”. In some respects, politics replaces religion.
5-Post-religious “chosenism”
As time went on, the religious quality of being “chosen by God” would fade, particularly after science appeared. As a result, the quality of European “chosenism” would change. It would lose its religious associations and what remained is something like an attitude of “importance”, or that they are “better”, or an arrogance, or even a belief in superiority over other people. It also created an attitude of looking down on other people, treating other people like scum, and so on.
6-Social “chosenism”
During the late 1700’s and into the 1800’s social issues would become more and more dominant. As a result, many “chosenist” attitudes would become associated with many social issues. Many of these attitudes would reflect the original Christian origins, even though it may not be apparent. For example, there becomes themes having to save people and change people. That is to say, people have to be converted. People, and governments, have to change from their evil bad ways to a new way.
THE TREATMENT OF THE “UNCHOSEN”
This mentality has caused some of the worst problems in history and killed millions of people . . . and it still continues.
Because they consider themselves “chosen” they treat everyone else, the “unchosen”, in ways such as:
- They treat them as non-existent
- They have a poor view of them
- They think that they need to convert them to their belief, often if it requires force
- That they are insignificant and even expendable
The result is that the idea of the “chosen” has created a negative view of “other people”, that often causes a willingness to treat these people bad, horribly, and even kill them. In other words, the mentality of “chosenism” tends to create negative views of other people.
SOME QUALITIES THAT “CHOSENISM” CREATES
“Chosenism” has created a number of qualities in people which include:
Elitism
One effect of the attitude of “chosenism” is that it created, for the people who believe in it, something like an elitism or, perhaps, a snobbishness. They tend to think they are better, higher, or somehow set apart from other people. This seems to cause these things:
- A vanity, that they are “special”
- An arrogance, that they are “above” other people
- A tendency to treat others bad, that other people are insignificant in comparison to them
This can often appear as an attitude of superiority.
Entitlement
“Chosenism” also created an attitude of entitlement, that they deserve special privilege. They often think they can do what they want and get what they want.
Self-Righteousness
The attitude of being “chosen” tends to cause an automatic sense of self-righteousness, that “I am right and that’s it”.
A sense of security
“Chosenism” creates a sense of being chosen which makes one feel safe and secure
Having to change things
Another trait of “chosenism” is that they believe that they have to change things. Often, they have to change you or the world. Sometimes, this is under the guise of “education” or “progress” or “improvement”. Sometimes, this desire to change things can approach a mania.
The worship of the individual . . . and success
The Christian idea of predestination, that some people are ordained to be saved and others are not, put into question the question of the will. That is to say, if God ordains who is saved and who isn’t saved then how much influence is a persons will? It conflicts with the idea that we need to behave properly to be saved. One result of this dispute seems to be that there became an emphasis on a persons will which caused an emphasis on the person . . . . individualism. In so doing, much the the “chosenism” attitudes would be transferred to individualism. In this way, the act of a person, his achievements, would become a form of being “chosen”. But, of course, no one cares if one fails. As a result, to be more precise, the success of a person is a sign of being “chosen”. This eventually caused a worshipping of success.
Competitiveness
Being “chosen” often makes people compete with other people because they are “better”. In fact, it seems that “chosenism” inherently makes people competitive, the “chosen” are always having to fight against, or prove themselves better, than the “unchosen”.
Achievement
The idea of being “chosen” has made some people achieve more than they normally would. In other words, it has “inspired” people to “go beyond themselves”. I often wonder if European “chosenism” is what made Europe do all that it has done. In some sense, it created the modern world and has played a big role in all that we have . . . including the problems.
Contempt
Since “chosenism” is based in a belief that one is chosen it follows that it also causes a contempt of other people who are not “chosen” or that they perceive as not being “chosen”. This causes a tendency to have contempt of other people.
Paranoia
Because one views themselves as “chosen” this sets them apart from other people. An interesting effect of this is that it can create a paranoia, a belief that other people are after you.
Cults
The exclusiveness of “chosenism” tends to create groups of people that have their own distinct beliefs, often are secretive, and tend to be removed from others . . . cults. Often, they have specific initiatory practices and a learning process. This makes one “bonded” with the God.
The idea of “truth”
The “chosen” often feel that they know the “truth”. That’s why they are chosen. This can appear as if they are the only ones capable of knowing the truth or that they are privy to some “secret” that no one else knows.
Judgementalism
“Chosenism” caused a tendency where the chosen tend to be judgemental of the nonchosen. Often, they can be very critical and condemning.
Particularism
The “chosen” often become very particular and specific about things. That is to say, things must be “their way” or fit a specific way of doing things. This also makes them unwilling to accept other ways. It causes them to be somewhat pig-headed and selfish.
THE INFLUENCE OF NATURALLY APPEARING PHENOMENA
There are several naturally appearing phenomena in life that tends to foster the growth of “chosenism”. These include:
- Natural tribalism – The tendency to be “part of a group” is common in humanity. We all want to be part of a group, or “tribe”. This need is satisfied with “chosenism”. By feeling “chosen” there is a sense of being part of a group, a tribe, and feeling a belonging and security.
- Natural arrogance – A lot of “chosenism” no doubt rests on the fact that it caters to a natural arrogance. It gave an easy outlet for this tendency. This may be one of the main reasons why it has persisted so long and continuously. Its like an excuse to be arrogant, to feel important, to be “chosen” over others, and such.
ORIGINS IN ANCIENT EGYPT???
I have always speculated that Moses, as receiving the commandments and laws from God, was really a Jewish version of a Pharaoh, so to speak. That is to say, he was imitating the Egyptians and their political/power structure as a means to establish an organized control during the Exodus. This would make since as this was the political/power structure they were living under. If this were the case it would mean that “chosenism” has origins in Ancient Egypt and its culture and political/religious system. More specifically, it has origin in the mystique and power of the Pharaoh as God-King over Egypt. If one looks at it more closely it would probably be more accurate to say that Moses actually combined the Pharaoh and the Priests. In some sense, he was like a Hebrew Pharaoh and Priest.
Here are some things that may of helped to create the idea of being “chosen”:
- Moses, as lawgiver and receiving the commandments from God, was like Pharaoh/Priest who was perceived as giving “blessings” to the people. This same quality would also carry on down for the prophets and messiah. In this way, the idea of the “lawgiver”, “prophet”, and “messiah” may be a continuation of a Pharaoh/Priest.
- Pharaoh was a divine God-King, often associated with the sun god Ra, who gave life to the people just as the sun does. This is more than a political power. It is, in a sense, more than a religious power. It is more of a “life power” and this life is given to a specific people who are the subjects of Pharaoh. In this way, a specific people received “life” from a specific god, the sun, who is represented by Pharaoh. This idea may of helped the creation of the idea of a “chosen people”, of a specific people favored by God represented by a leader.
- The Nile brought life to Ancient Egypt and they knew of its importance. All around was desert but the Nile valley was lush and green. Its possible that this awareness of the power of the Nile valley gave a sense of being “special”, or “blessed”, for the Ancient Egyptians. This may of helped to create the idea of being “chosen”.
- Many Ancient Egyptians were concerned about death as well as what happens after death. This would be manifested in the belief of Osiris. As part of this belief a person would be judged according to their acts in life. This same point of view seems to be prevalent in Judaism with its preoccupation with sin. Moses, though, made sacrifice critical in alleviating sin and this became a major occupation of what happened at the Tabernacle before the Ark of the Covenant.
- Its possible that the Nile valley, with its green fertile lands, contrasted with the dead infertile desert that surrounded it created a sense that the lands of the Ancient Egyptians gave them a sense of being “chosen” or blessed in some way compared to other people.
- Hieroglyphs play a big role in Ancient Egypt, often having magical meaning. This same point of view may of helped in the sanctification of the five books of Moses (Torah). This may of passed on down to the New Testament and Koran.
- A lot of the magic Moses did was already being done by Egyptian Priests. My understanding is that there are accounts of Egyptian magicians who were parting waters, turning staffs into snakes, turning water to blood, etc. hundreds of years before Moses. If this were the case, it would suggest that the accounts in the Books of Moses is really a matter of who’s magic is more powerful!
- Even the design of the Tabernacle of the Ark of the Covenant resembles some of the Temples in Egypt. That can’t be coincidence. It suggests a deliberate imitation.
I have always felt that Moses did a lot of imitation of the Ancient Egyptians and that Judaism is a mixture of Ancient Egypt and Hebrew culture that was forged in a unique way during the Exodus. Though there is a basis in Ancient Egypt it was the Exodus that, in a sense, began the definition and practice of “chosenism”. The nature of the Exodus caused a number of things to happen:
- The need for unity
- The need for authority
- The need for a sense of security
- The need for special purpose
These needs, it seems, led to the necessity of the idea of a “chosen people”, that defines them as distinct, separate, removed, and with “Divine protection”. It held them together during the Exodus and beyond.
Because the laws of Moses were written down, and practiced, it persisted. If it wasn’t for this it would of been forgotten. Not only that, its being written down and practiced created a unity in the Jewish people that made them unique compared to other people. It made them constant, unchanging, and resilient to conflict. It helped maintain the “chosenist” attitude and keep it alive. This attitude would of remained with the Jews but, with Christianity, it began to spread to non-Jews. This would continue with Islam. As a result of these, the attitude and mentality of “chosenism” would spread, grow, and change, or so it seems to me.
(I’ve written several articles on related subjects: Thoughts on one of the effects of Judaism and Christianity: the endless reenactment of the Exodus – the “Exodus-based world view” and Thoughts on social control during the time of Moses and the Exodus as well as its effects on Judaism).
AFTERWORD
Looking at all this now it appears that “chosenism” has progressed and changed a lot through the centuries. It has done both good and bad. It has united people, made people achieve, and such, but it has also been a source of tension and killed people. Its hard to say, overall, if it has been good or bad. It all seems to depend on where you stand.
Copyright by Mike Michelsen